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橡胶聚合装置丁二烯泄漏风险及应对措施
Risk and Countermeasures of Butadiene Leakage inRubber Polymerization Unit
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 张 目
Zhang Mu
- 作者单位:
- （中国石油大庆石化公司化工一部，黑龙江 大庆 163714）
( CNPC Daqing Petrochemical Branch, Chemical Production Division I, Daqing 163714, China)
- 关键词:
- 橡胶聚合装置；丁二烯；安全风险；应对措施
: rubber polymerization unit; butadiene; safety risks; countermeasures
- 摘要:
- 摘要：装置工艺流程是以1，3-丁二烯作为主要单体原料，以炼油厂重整抽余油的62~87 ℃馏分作为聚合溶剂，通过铝镍二元陈化工艺和稀硼单加方式进行溶液聚合生产。由于1，3-丁二烯具有高度反应活性，在常温下易发生自聚反应，同时其闪点低、爆炸极限范围宽，属于典型的易燃易爆化学品。在聚合反应过程中，物料输送、储存及工艺操作等环节均存在泄漏风险，可能引发火灾爆炸等严重事故。因此，深入分析丁二烯在橡胶聚合装置中的泄漏危险特性，研究其扩散规律，并建立相应的预防控制措施和应急处理方案，对保障装置安全稳定运行具有重要的现实意义。
Abstract: The process flow of the unit involves using 1,3-butadiene as the primary monomer and the 62-87 ℃ fraction of reformateraffinate from the refinery as the polymerization solvent. The production employs solution polymerization via an aluminum-nickelbinary aging process and a dilute boron single-addition method. Given that 1,3-butadiene exhibits high reactivity and is prone tospontaneous polymerization at room temperature, along with its low flash point and wide explosive range, it is classified as a typicalflammable and explosive chemical. During the polymerization process, material transportation, storage, and operational proceduresall present leakage risks, which may lead to severe accidents such as fires or explosions. Therefore, conducting an in-depth analysisof the hazardous characteristics of butadiene leakage in rubber polymerization units, investigating its diffusion patterns, andestablishing corresponding preventive measures and emergency response protocols are of significant practical importance forensuring the safe and stable operation of the unit.