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碳载体在CO2电还原中的应用及研究进展
Application and Research Progress of Carbon Supports inCO? Electroreduction
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 张蒙蒙
Zhang Mengmeng
- 作者单位:
- （中国石油乌鲁木齐石化公司研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830019）
(Research Institute of Urumqi Petrochemical Company, Petrochina Company Limited, Urumqi 830019, China)
- 关键词:
- 碳载体；CO2电还原；催化剂
carbon supports; electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction; catalyst
- 摘要:
- 摘要：在“双碳”战略驱动下，电催化 CO₂还原（CO₂RR）成为人工碳循环的关键技术。研究表明，碳基载体（碳纳米管、石墨烯、介孔碳等）通过多维度的物理调控机制可显著提升催化性能：其高导电网络可以有效促进界面电子传输、大比表面特性可以显著提高金属颗粒分散性并优化活性位点空间分布、分级孔结构可以强化传质动力学，而限域效应可以抑制催化重构，提升反应稳定性。进一步地，通过金属—碳载体相互作用调控催化剂电子结构，可以打破中间体吸附能线性关系，实现特定产物的选择性生成；异元素掺杂碳载体（如 N、S共掺杂）可构建富电子活性位，降低关键步骤能垒，在低过电位下实现 CO2的高效转化。文中聚焦碳载体在CO₂RR中的物理调控作用及金属—载体协同机制，重点阐述了碳材料在电子传导、金属分散、传质优化及界面工程等方面的关键作用，为设计高性能CO₂RR催化剂提供理论参考。
Abstract: Driven by the "dual carbon" strategy, electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR) has emerged as a pivotal technology forartificial carbon cycle. Extensive studies demonstrate that advanced carbon-based supports (e. g., carbon nanotubes, graphene,mesoporous carbon) significantly enhance CO₂RR performance through multiple functional mechanisms: Their highly conductivenetworks effectively facilitate interfacial electron transfer, large specific surface area significantly improves the dispersion ofcatalysts particle and optimizes spatial distribution of active sites, hierarchical pore structures enhance mass-transfer kinetics,while confinement effects suppress catalyst reconstruction to enhance long-term stability. Furthermore, modulating the electronicstructure of catalysts through metal-carbon support interactions can break the linear scaling relationships of intermediate adsorptionenergies, enabling selective formation of target products; Hetero-elemental doped carbon supports (e.g. N, S doping) can constructelectron-rich active sites, lowering the energy barriers of key steps and achieving efficient CO2 conversion at low overpotentials.This review focuses on the physical modulation role of carbon supports in CO₂RR and the metal-supports synergistic mechanism,highlighting the key role of carbon materials in electron conduction, metal dispersion, mass transfer optimization and interfacialengineering, and providing theoretical references for the design of high-performance CO₂RR catalysts.