溶剂脱沥青工艺技术的工业应用及发展趋势
Industrial Application and Trend of Solvent Deasphalting Process
刘巍
作者单位：武汉金中石化工程有限公司
中文关键字：溶剂脱沥青；超临界萃取；组合工艺；脱沥青油；催化裂化
英文关键字：solvent deasphalting；supercritical extraction；combined process；deasphalted oil；catalytic cracking
中文摘要：介绍了国内外溶剂脱沥青工艺的概况和发展历程。从工艺技术特点、能耗、抽提器结构、产能等方面对ROSE、Demex、LEDA、Solvahl工艺进行归纳比较，分析指出：采取亚临界抽提，超临界溶剂回收技术能有效降低能耗、节省占地、减少投资，被广泛应用于炼油行业。阐述了国内外溶剂脱沥青技术进展情况和工业应用情况。对“溶剂脱沥青-催化裂化”、“常压闪蒸-溶剂脱沥青”、 “溶剂脱沥青-蜡油加氢-催化裂化”等组合工艺进行梳理，探讨了各类组合工艺的适用性。通过简要介绍溶剂脱沥青工艺与沸腾床加氢裂化技术组合利用的应用实例，指出溶剂脱沥青工艺与其它世界先进的重油加工技术相结合的组合工艺是未来溶剂脱沥青技术发展的重要方向。
英文摘要：The survey and development of solvent deasphalting process in domestic and abroad are described. Several mature solvent deasphalting processes，including ROSE，Demex，LEDA，Solvahl，are summarized to compare in terms of technical characteristics, energy consumption, extractor structure and production capacity, etc. The applications of subcritical extraction and supercritical recovery, which are widely used in oil refining industry, possesses the advantages of low energy consumption, small occupation and low cost. The progresses and industrial applications of solvent deasphalting technology at home and abroad are introduced. The combined process of “solvent deasphalting-FCC”, “atomspheric flash-solvent deasphalting”, “solvent deasphalting-VGO hydrotreating-FCC”, etc. are reviewed, and the applicability of each combined process is discussed. The application of the combination of solvent deasphalting and boiling bed hydrogenation technology is briefly introduced. The combined process of solvent deasphalting process and other advanced heavy oil processing technologies in the world is an important direction for the future development of solvent deasphalting technology.